Principal residence of British sovereigns. Is situated in the municipal borough of Windsor, or New Windsor, England, about 35 kilometers (about 22 miles) west of London. The site is located northeast of the town on a slight elevation overlooking the Thames River.
The dominant structure of Windsor Castle is the Round Tower, or Keep, 24.5 m (80 ft) high, built on the site where, according to tradition, King Arthur sat with the Knights of the Round Table. It was used as a prison until 1660 and is still surrounded by a moat. The Curfew Tower was built during the reign of Henry III (1216-72). The building of Saint George's Chapel was begun in about 1474 by King Edward IV and completed in 1528 by King Henry VIII. St. George's Chapel is the burial place of ten British sovereigns. The adjoining Albert Memorial Chapel, originally built by King Henry III in the 13th century as a memorial to Edward the Confessor, last of the Anglo-Saxon kings, was lavishly restored by Queen Victoria as a monument to Albert, her prince consort. The state apartments contain valuable collections of paintings, statuary, and other priceless art objects.
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Old Windsor was a residence of the Anglo-Saxon kings before the Norman Conquest. William the Conqueror, who came from Normandy, built a castle at the present site in 1070. It was extended by his successors and the whole castle was virtually rebuilt (1350-1374) during the reign of Edward III as a gathering place for the knights of the Garter. Later British monarchs, particularly Charles II and George IV, added to and improved the castle. In 1992 a fire badly damaged the northeastern corner of the castle.
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